1. Cruelty
-
Physical or mental abuse by the husband
-
Verbal abuse, humiliation, or emotional torture
2. Failure to Provide Maintenance
-
Husband does not provide for the wife’s basic needs (food, shelter, clothing)
-
Prolonged non-payment (typically 3 months or more) is a valid reason
3. Impotence or Incurable Disease
-
Husband is sexually incapable
-
Has an incurable disease (e.g. HIV/AIDS, leprosy, etc.)
4. Immoral Conduct
-
Husband involved in adultery, drug addiction, gambling, or criminal activity
-
Living a dishonorable or socially unacceptable life
5. Forced Marriage
-
If the marriage was conducted under duress or without the wife’s free consent
6. Desertion / Abandonment
-
Husband has abandoned the wife without justification
-
Commonly accepted if absence is for 2 years or more
7. Incompatibility / Aversion
-
Wife declares that she cannot live with the husband “within the limits prescribed by Allah”
-
Personal dislike, loss of love, or mental incompatibility
8. Second Marriage Without Consent
-
If the husband contracts another marriage without the first wife’s permission